Microlending helps small entrepreneurs start businesses Essay

Microlending helps small entrepreneurs start businesses - Essay Example Kiva is different from those of its traditional counterparts in the sense that it allows individuals and organizations to borrow and lend money online. What this means is that people do not have to go to a physical location to borrow money from Kiva or lenders. While many micro-lending institutions depend on money deposited by their members or bank loans to serve their customers, Kiva depends on lenders spread across the world for funds and has partnered with various local micro-finance organizations to disburse funds to loanees. While many micro-lending organizations are profit oriented, Kiva is a non-profit organization. The business model adopted by Kiva may not work with larger loans owing to the risks involved. In the event that the organization gave a large loan to a person or organization that is not formally established and without committing an asset as collateral, the organization (Kiva) may experience a huge loss in the event that the loanee defaults in payment of the loan. This means that lenders would not be able to recover their funds leading to loss of confidence in the organization. Without confidence or good will, the organization would ultimately fail or

Studied male behaviour Essay Example for Free

Studied male behaviour Essay One type of gender bias is alpha bias. This is the tendency to exaggerate differences between males and females. An example of this is heightening the value of women (e.g. Gilligans theory of moral development), and a contrasting example is devaluing them (e.g. Freuds theory of psychosexual development, which says that women develop inferior superegos). Another type of gender bias is beta bias, which is the tendency to overlook differences or exaggerate similarities between the sexes. This was an issue in Kohlbergs theory of the development of moral understanding, as his classifications were largely based on justice-based morality for both men and women, when it may be that women have different moral values. Many psychological studies have been criticised for being androcentric. An example of this is Milgrams (1963) research into obedience. This bias was particularly methodological: he used only male participants, meaning that it is possible that the findings only apply to males and do not generalise to females. This criticism is supported by a replica study by Kilham Mann (1974), who used both male and female participants, 16% of the female participants obeyed and administered the full shock, compared with 40% of the males. This significant difference was overlooked by Milgrams study as he only studied male behaviour. Both of these pieces of research were conducted in a laboratory setting, which is criticised by feminists for being a male-dominated environment that disadvantages women and feminine behaviour: this may have influenced how some of the participants in both studies acted, in that they may have otherwise acted differently if the setting was more natural. The feminist criticism would suggest that, in Kilham Manns study, less women would obey in real life; however this criticism may itself be criticised for alpha bias and reductionism, since it may be too simplistic to characterise behaviours and settings as masculine or feminine. A theory criticised for its alpha bias is the sociobiological theory of interpersonal attraction. The theory states that males and females look for different characteristics in either sex, and will emphasise certain aspects of their own characteristics in order to attract a partner of the opposite sex. Dunbar (1995) compared around 900 lonely hearts advertisements from four newspapers in the United States, and found that 42% of males sought physically attractive characteristics in their partner, compared to 22% of women; and 50% of females adv ertised their own physical attraction, compared with 34% of males. Their conclusion was that the theory was supported and, while this is true to a certain extent, it overlooks the fact that the theory holds true for a maximum of 50% of participants. That is, it was not all males and no females who said that they sought a physically attractive partner. The research therefore demonstrates the alpha bias of both the theory and Dunbars conclusions. In addition, the sample and setting of the theory may produce alpha bias. It may be that dating agencies augment gender differences in order to optimise success rates, even if this is not representative of real life. Subsequently, people submitting their own advertisements may conform to this norm of augmenting their own gender, therefore leading to a biased sample and, therefore, biased results. This research could be improved by using a more representative sample, such as using a random sample from a wide range of places for a questionnaire. This is especially important since the sociobiological theory is an evolutionary theory, in that it assumes that our desires are innate: it is therefore important to gain a sample from multiple cultures. Numerous other theories and research have been criticised for their gender bias. Freuds psychosexual theory of development is particularly vulnerable to this criticism, as it is androcentric. He claimed that women have inferior superegos to men because they do not have a penis, leading to penis envy which would never be fully resolved. In other words, the theory suggests that femininity is a sort of failed masculinity. This is contrary to the widely accepted idea that women and men, despite their differences, are equal; and even Freud (1925) admitted his gender bias, saying that we must not allow ourselves to regard the two sexes in completely equal in position and worth. In reaction to this, Homey (1926) said that it did not make sense that women would envy a mans penis, instead envying their higher social status (at the time). Horney also coined the term womb envy, which describes a mans envy of women for their ability to have children, therefore providing a less androcentric view by indicating that men and women are different and envy each others positive characteristics. Kohlbergs (1976) theory of moral development has been criticised for beta bias and androcentricism. In his research, he presented participants with moral dilemmas and categorised them with respect to how much they had matured morally based on their responses to the questions subsequently asked. However, this may be seen as androcentric due to the criteria required for categorisation: the dilemmas were based on abstract principles of justice, which Gillian (1982) proposed was an inherently male method of thinking. This meant that Kohlbergs findings classified most women as being morally inferior to men because of the beta bias of the theory. Gilligan (1982), instead, proposed that womens morals are based on care and relationships, whilst those of men are based on justice. However, this theory shows alpha bias, and the existance of this bias is demonstrated by her own findings that roughly as many women base their morals on justice as on care. In fact, Walker (1984) found, in a meta-analysis of 108 studies, that only 8 studies showed overall gender differences in morality (which, ironically, displays beta-bias).  It may be that the alpha- and beta-bias in such studies arise due to a lack of explanation of individual differences, as it is rarely the case that there are no differences between men and women, or that men and women are completely different.

New Orleans - Before The Civil War :: essays research papers

New Orleans is a city in southern Louisiana, located on the Mississippi River. Most of the city is situated on the east bank, between the river and Lake Pontchartrain to the north. Because it was built on a great turn of the river, it is known as the Crescent City. New Orleans, with a population of 496,938 (1990 census), is the largest city in Louisiana and one of the principal cities of the South. It was established on the high ground nearest the mouth of the Mississippi, which is 177 km (110 mi) downstream. Elevations range from 3.65 m (12 ft) above sea level to 2 m (6.5 ft) below; as a result, an ingenious system of water pumps, drainage canals, and levees has been built to protect the city from flooding. New Orleans was founded in 1718 by Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur de Bienville, and named for the regent of France, Philippe II, duc d'Orleans. It remained a French colony until 1763, when it was transferred to the Spanish. In 1800, Spain ceded it back to France; in 1803, New Orleans, along with the entire Louisiana Purchase, was sold by Napoleon I to the United States. It was the site of the Battle of New Orleans (1815) in the War of 1812. During the Civil War the city was besieged by Union ships under Adm. David Farragut; it fell on Apr. 25, 1862. And that's what it say's in the books, a bit more, but nothing else of interest. This is too bad, New Orleans , as a city, has a wide and diverse history that reads as if it were a utopian society built to survive the troubles of the future. New Orleans is a place where Africans, Indians and European settlers shared their cultures and intermingled. Encouraged by the French government, this strategy for producing a durable culture in a difficult place marked New Orleans as different and special from its inception and continues to distinguish the city today. Like the early American settlements along Massachusetts Bay and Chesapeake Bay, New Orleans served as a distinctive cultural gateway to North America, where peoples from Europe and Africa initially intertwined their lives and customs with those of the native inhabitants of the New World. The resulting way of life differed dramatically from the culture than was spawned in the English colonies of North America. New Orleans Creole population (those with ancestry rooted in the city's colonial era) ensured not only that English was not the prevailing language but also that Protestantism was scorned, public education unheralded, and democratic government untried.

Reaction Paper on the Movie Gi Jane

Msg Marcelito S Adriano 723484 (FA) PA Subject:Reaction Papers on We Were Soldiers As I watched the movie† We Were Soldiers† I recall what is happening in any unit, as the Battalion Commander, Company Commander, Platoon Leaders, Sergeant Major and Troops portray different roles. Leader shows set as an example. He is intelligent, thinking, brave and determined leader. He studies the nature of his enemy carefully. He won’t ask to his man to do, if he can’t do it by himself. He trains his men thoroughly, preparing them for the incoming mission. The Leaders influence the thoughts, attitudes and behaviors of others.It is, therefore, important that their morale is kept high so that they are ready for sacrifice whenever necessity arises. The officers have their own responsibility for commanding the soldiers in combat which is the greatest challenge for each of them even for the risk of their lives. The soldiers shows leadership as they oblige to set one direction f or the rest of them, they help each other what lies ahead, they also help to visualize what they want to achieve, they were encourage and inspire to meet their mission. A responsible family man shows also to this movie.The image of a father which shows closeness to his children, concern for the future of his family and a better husband to his wife. The movie shows an ordinary soldier which other people cannot be seen it. So it is better that the filmmaker produce this kind of movie so that we can give a recognition to our soldier. won't ask man to do what he won't do himself: â€Å"I will be the first to step on the field and I will be the last to step off,† he assures his troops. He reads books and studies the nature of his enemy carefully. He trains his men meticulously, preparing them for the ominous battle to come. Men will die,† he tells his troops, knowing that he and his men are at a disadvantage against an enemy on their own turf. In addition to Gibson, Greg Kin near, Sam Elliot, Barry Pepper, and Keri Russell all give outstanding, A+ performances.Kinnear plays Bruce Crandall, a chopper pilot showing determination and courage while still revealing his fear of death in the course of battle. Pepper plays Joe Galloway, the journalist who rides into the heat of battle to get his story first-hand. (Just wait until you hear his reason for becoming a journalist instead of a soldier. And in spite of my personal disdain for her character on the WB's Felicity, Russell inspires us as a strong-willed mother, in spite of the possibility of losing her husband Jack Geoghegan (Chris Klein) at war. The film does an exceptional job of transitioning from place-to-place, whether from one area of the battlefield to another, to the women and children back home, you always have a good sense of where things are happening and when they're taking place. When one platoon is cut off from the rest of the soldiers, when riverbeds are won and lost, you know exactly what effect it has on the battle.You experience first-hand the grave danger these soldiers experienced. You mourn their deaths and cheer their victories because in spite of the fact that you're sitting in a movie theater, you feel like you're there in battle with them, facing the possibility of death, witnessing the horror of it all. Writer-director Randall Wallace (The Man in the Iron Mask) spends a fair amount of time showing us what is going on behind enemy lines from the point of view of the North Vietnamese. I first heard this was an element of the film before I saw it and was afraid they were going to portray the communist North Vietnamese in a sympathetic light.But, interestingly, these scenes added to the drama and suspense of the film. We see what each leader is thinking and planning for the next attack, which only builds more suspense in anticipation of the next scene to come. A sense of family is well-portrayed among the soldiers, and especially among the wives at home. Madele ine Stowe plays Julie Moore, the wife of Lt. Col. Moore. She heads up the group of wives, giving moral support and preparing them as best she can for the possible death of their husbands. She and Russell show us the chilling events of how they dealt with relaying the notices of the deaths of their friends' husbands.What is lacking in the film is mention of how the war started, or that North Vietnam was communist. Although these are well-known facts, they are too important to pass over in a film about the Vietnam War. The filmmakers have been saying in their media appearances that this is an anti-war movie due to the graphic nature of the battle scenes. Be prepared: the battles scenes are graphic, but I did not come away thinking they were pro- or anti-war. The sheer quantity of gore can never trump the morality of why we fight a war.These scenes only dramatize the risks of fighting a war, and who and what is at stake. The political elements shown in the film (e. g. , how we went int o Vietnam unprepared, and failed to properly arm our men in the best way possible) only demonstrate, in my view, that if we do choose to fight a war, we must do so acknowledging the risks and then proceed with the moral certainty that our cause is right, with only one goal: to win. And Young is a tribute to the nobility of those men under fire, their common acts of uncommon valor, and their loyalty to and love for one another.

Background Statement

My life has always been about making choices and striving to make a difference. I was born in Asia, and late moved to the United States to continue my studies. I could definitely say that my perception about life, including my goals and dreams in life have been formed due to the experiences I had in my life. I grew up taking care of my father, who was obese. As a young child, preparing my father’s food was not much of a big deal; however, this came in as a challenge as I grew older. For this, I decided to hone myself to become a registered dietician. As a student, I have always been hardworking and persevering.My grades were impressive enough for other people to look up to me. I would have grades that would range from A’s to B’s, but nothing lower than that. My parents would always tell me how proud they are to see my dedication to become successful in life. I would always remind others that having a good education would be advantageous for me in the real world. Regardless of this, I would not forget how to care for the welfare of those I love most. Although my main concern has been about the safety of my family and friends, I also want to make sure that I could be of service to those who were in need.As mentioned earlier, I have been exposed to the realities of life at a young age. I was honed further through the endeavors that I had in my life. These included my involvement in the Dietetics department of the Family Nutrition Program of the Ohio State University. I was responsible for data entry and in the preparation of the materials to be used in the program. I was further trained through my experience as a production supervisor for on-campus dining. The task was tedious, for I had to make sure that everything was in place. However, I am still grateful for I was able to learn how to become a well rounded individual.Furthermore, I also believe that I possess the leadership capabilities deemed from your perspective students. I used to work as an orientation leader for the Ohio State University, where I learned how to deal with different kinds of people. As the orientation leader, I was expected to give students an overview of the school they were about to study in, and patiently answer all of their queries. This kind of role may become irrelevant for some, but I believe otherwise. In every aspect of life, patience and dedication for the craft have always been considered essential in one’s success.Moreover, seeing the people become contented with my service also became my driving force in life. I know that my family would always find something good and appreciative in my craft. However, the kind of happiness that I give others cannot be repaid by monetary terms. Through our exchange of thoughts and words, I am able to share with others another side of me that not everyone could see. In this regard, I feel an extraordinary kind of fulfillment wherein I am able to share my talents and become a helping hand in the ir world.I know that I may sound young to have such a wide perception about life. But this is the way things go. My parents have brought me up to always take the feelings and welfare of others into consideration. In our own way, we should not only think of ourselves, especially during hard and trying times. As my father became obese, I have set my mind in giving back the care and compassion that he has shown me all these years. In this regard, I would also expand that extraordinary care by being of service to others.My dreams and aspirations in life do not end after college. I plan to work in the different areas that concern dietetics and hone my knowledge further. The experiences would help me to become an effective Registered Dietician in the future, and eventually widen this knowledge further by spreading my wings in the United States. Having lifetime goals and aspirations in life should never be considered negatively by people. These are the little dreams that keep people, like me, going – working hard in order to achieve a better future for myself and the people around me.

Short Essay Example

Short Essay Example Short Essay – Article Example Task: Short essay Philosophy is a dynamic discipline that studies almost everything that surrounds us. The discipline relies extensively on logic in making conclusions. This discipline applies logic, critical evaluation and rational in evaluating problems. Therefore, the programme designed by the faculty should aim at enhancing the ability of the students to apply logic, evaluate critically and apply rational in resolving problems. However, the programme that the lecturer is utilizing seems to concentrate on reading philosophical material. The above program will ensure that students have adequate knowledge in philosophy. Nonetheless, appropriate skills should accompany the knowledge thus; helping the students utilize the readings made. The lesson plan reveals that the tutor has apportioned excessive time for class readings. The professor can enhance the students’ skills by facilitating discussions during class. Such discussions will provide the professor with a chance to evalu ate students’ understanding of the readings. Additionally, discussions will make the students active partakers in the class readings. Reading has rendered most students as passive partakers in the class thus; limiting their understanding of the readings. Therefore, allocating discussion substantial time will enable students to apply logic, rationale and make critical evaluation of problems in philosophy. The above changes will work since it deviates from the current plan by allowing the students to exhibit their skill hence; enabling the professor to understand students’ weaknesses and make appropriate adjustments. Reducing time allocated to reading will eliminate boredom in the class. Eliminating boredom by holding discussions will boost the students’ understanding of the discipline by allowing them to participate actively in the lesson (Arthur, 38).Work citedArthur, John. Studying Philosophy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson prentice hall publishers, 2003. Prin t.

Professional Certification and Your Career

Professional Certification and Your Career Professional certification is a process by which a person develops the knowledge, experience, and skills to perform a specific job. Once the individual completes a course of study, he or she receives a certificate earned by passing an exam that is accredited by an organization or association that monitors and upholds prescribed standards for the particular industry involved. The National Organization for Competency Assurance (NOCA) is a leader in setting quality standards for credentialing organizations. A wide variety of industries and careers offer professional certification, from highly technical jobs and human services of all kinds to jobs in the arts, including ballroom dancing. In each case, the certificate assures employers, customers, students, and the public that the certificate holder is competent and professional. In some professions, certification is a requirement for employment or practice. Doctors, teachers, Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), and pilots are examples. What’s in It for You? Professional certification shows employers and clients that you are committed to your profession and are well-trained. It gives them confidence in your abilities  because it proves that your skills have been evaluated and approved by a well-regarded professional organization. Certification makes you more valuable to employers and so you can expect to: Enjoy better employment and advancement opportunitiesHave a competitive advantage over candidates without certificatesEarn higher wagesReceive tuition reimbursement for continuing education A Sampling of Careers Requiring Certification Many of the careers that require certification are represented here at About.com. Below is a list of articles on various types of certifications. In the end, there is also a link to the list of NOCA member organizations that require certificates. It offers an interesting glance at the various types of industries from which to choose if you’re uncertain about which certificate you want. Certified Meeting ProfessionalCoast Guard Captain’s LicenseCulinary Arts CertificatesDatabase CertificationsDesktop Publishing CertificationESL CertificationGraphic DesignInterior DecoratingLandscaping Certificate ProgramsLogistics and Supply Chain ManagementParalegal certificatesProfessional CounselingProfessional Massage TherapyProfessional Studies Certificate in OperaReal estateRetail CertificationSpecialist Certificate for Sign Language InterpretersTechnology Certification GlossaryHighest paying jobs in the technology industry NOCA’s list of member organizations State Certification Requirements Many of the professions that require or offer certification are governed by the state in which the certificate holder practices. Your school or association will help you understand these requirements, but you can also find them at each state’s government website. Search for: state.your two-letter state code here.us/. Example: state.ny.us/. On the home page for your state, search for certifications. Choosing the Best School There are almost as many requirements for earning a certificate as there are fields requiring them, so how you go about becoming certified has everything to do with what kind of certificate you want and what you want to do with it. First, know the differences between all the different types of schools so you can choose the right school for you. Begin your search by visiting the websites of the associations and organizations that govern or accredit the schools in the field you have chosen. On the Internet, search for the name of your field and associations, organizations, and schools: Search: nursing associations results in the American Nurses AssociationSearch: pilot associations results in the Aircraft Owners and Pilots AssociationSearch: CPA organizations results in the American Institute of Certified Public AccountantsSearch: project management schools results in both directories like the Trade Schools Directory and specific schools such as the Project Management Institute at Capella University Online Schools If you think an online school would work best for you because of the flexibility it provides, read up on online certificates before you choose a school. Financial Aid Paying for school is a concern for many students. Loans, grants, and scholarships are available. Do your homework before going to school: Paying for Business SchoolFAFSASallie Maes Scholarship Search Continuing Education Most professional certifications require that certificate holders complete a certain number of hours of continuing education annually or bi-annually in order to remain current. The number of hours varies by state and field. Notices are generally sent out by the governing state and/or association, as is literature advertising continuing education opportunities, conferences, and conventions. Make the Most of Continuing Education Conferences Many professional associations gather their members yearly in the form of conferences, conventions, and/or trade shows to provide continuing education seminars, to discuss the state of the profession and new best practices, and to showcase the latest products and services. Networking at these gatherings can be extremely valuable to professionals.

An Exercise in Ambiguity

An Exercise in Ambiguity An Exercise in Ambiguity An Exercise in Ambiguity By Maeve Maddox I noticed this headline in the list of breaking news on the Yahoo landing page: Â  Sotomayor wins over GOP backers after smooth hearings At first I read the verb wins as the main verb and over GOP backers as a prepositional phrase. Read that way, the meaning of the headline was that Sotomayor had defeated GOP backers in some kind of competition. But I knew that couldnt be right. For one thing, Sotomayor wasnt competing against anyone in the hearings. For another, one doesnt compete against ones backers. So then I decided that what I had in front of me was the phrasal verb win over, meaning persuade, gain ones support. That made a little more sense, but as far I could recall, Sotomayor went into the hearings without any GOP backers. I clicked on the confusing headline to read the story. I found my answer in the lead: WASHINGTON – Supreme Court nominee Sonia Sotomayor won her first public pledges of support from Senate Republicans and one prominent GOP opponent, after a smooth performance at her confirmation hearings that has placed her firmly on track to become the high courts first Latina and the first Democratic-named justice in 15 years. Finally, I understood what the headline meant. Sotomayor had acquired some backers from among the Republican senators. The biggest obstacle to understanding for me was the word backers used with the phrasal verb wins over. I could see how she might win backers or win over some Republicans, but not how she could win over backers. If someone is a backer he doesnt need to be won over by the person hes already backing. Not every reader would have boggled at this particular headline as I did. Nevertheless, writers need to be aware of the possibilities for ambiguity that exist with the use of phrasal verbs. Sometimes it is better to replace a phrasal verb with a less ambiguous single verb, especially in writing intended for an audience that includes non-native English speakers. For example, we can put out the cat and put out a light; take out a girl and take out an enemy. Alternatives exist for most phrasal verbs. For example: put the cat outside extinguish a light take a girl on a date kill an enemy You may not always be able to hit on a suitable alternative, but its something to consider when revising a manuscript for clarity. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?When to Form a Plural with an Apostrophe5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

Proffesional project report on leaflet ordering (to be edited) Essay

Proffesional project report on leaflet ordering (to be edited) - Essay Example These provide customers with comprehensive information regarding tenancy, ownership, entitlements, neighborhood plans, safety, security, and all supportive systems forming part of the housing scheme. www.k-h-t.org This report presents the findings from a project undertaken to meet the assessment requirements of the FDSC in Housing Practice. The project was undertaken for KHT, the organization that sponsored the project leader on the FDSC. The overall aim of the project was to put a new system in place for ordering leaflets within the workplace. This involved developing a new system for ordering, storing and displaying leaflets, and gaining feedback from staff and service users on whether the changes had enhanced the availability of leaflets. The project report that follows provides an explanation of the context and rationale for the project, an outline of the previous system for ordering and displaying leaflets and its weaknesses; a description of the changes introduced identifying how each has helped to overcome weaknesses in the previous system; an outline of how the project was undertaken (i.e. the methodology); and findings from the initial evaluation and recommendations. The purpose of this project was to investigate the process and effectiveness of changes implemented in the ordering and displaying of customer information leaflets at KHT’s six offices across the borough. It was picked up on a short notice inspection that some leaflets that were being displayed were out of date. A new system of leaflet ordering was required to ensure the provision of current and up-to-date information to customers. Furthermore, in view of the need for cost-cutting during the current recession, it was considered essential to order all leaflets at one time, specifying accurately the total number of each type of leaflet required by all the offices. Additionally, an effective review process was required to ensure that the

Cheerleading Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cheerleading Practice - Essay Example Although it was difficult to catch up with the professionals, I poured my heart and soul into the routines and quickly caught on. I continued to dance through the pain in the hope that I was strengthening the muscles around the injury. As time passed, I was asked to audition for Atlantic Art’s dance company and was accepted into a family of incredibly talented dancers. The company included me in a great number of shows, community service opportunities, competitions, and theater projects. Over the years, I traveled to New York for Youth American Grand Prix and competed against ballet dancers from all over the world, danced in The Rock School of Pennsylvania and the Orlando Ballet School. The proceeding years I traveled back to New York, performed in the famous Broadway show ‘Wicked’.   Today, after almost six years, my back does not bother me anymore. I believe dancing has helped my mind and body overcome the obstacles that my cheerleading accident caused.

Interview Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interview Analysis - Essay Example Its curriculum gives students an education that is generally broad with in depth studies to support a student’s professional and personal growth. Its staff, including the interviewee, is highly qualified academics who are experienced in the US higher education style (American University of Kuwait 1). Â   Amer El-Assad Ali is an employee of the American University of Kuwait who was the interviewee for this interview. The interview was carried out at the university using a tape recorder. The interviewee was asked about his experiences before he joined the American University of Kuwait, where he used to work, and how his job was like. The interview was meant as part of a set of interviews that sought to get information on current and past employees at the American University of Kuwait with regards to their experiences, how working at AKU was of benefit to them, and how they benefited the University. The interview took place at the university and lasted for approximately one hour and twelve minutes. The interviewee was quite candid about his experiences at AKU and gave us deep insight into the formation of various administrative departments at the university. Â   Amer began by telling us about his experiences prior to joining the university where he worked at the Central Mall Plaza as an advertising agent. They were forced to close shop because of the Iraq War in 2003 due to reduced business, which left him looking for work. At around this time, he met Emal Hassan, who was the founding HR director of the new start up university, AUK. While his background was in marketing and advertising, this department was not at AUK yet, and Emal told him to apply and see what happened. His only experience working at a university at the time was in student affairs at his former university, which helped since they were looking for people with experience at university level. At this point, he applied for the position of HR coordinator, got an interview with Dr. Shaffie Kab ra, and got the job. After gaining experience at AUK for a year, he again applied for a job in the marketing department and got the job, which he still works in. His experience at Human Resources was almost pioneering at the university since the department was new. He contends that he learnt about HR working in this department, which was easy as most of the work here was about the administration with compilation of CVs and contacting personnel who are willing to work in the faculty positions. However, his best experiences at HR at the time had to do with the interview process, although the routine process like database management did not appeal to him, especially because of his marketing, design, and advertising base. At this point, his previous director recruited him at HR to work on a few designs at her advertising agency, for example, with the faculty fact book and how the faculty would be received into the campus in order for them to get a feel of Kuwait, especially since some w ere from outside Kuwait. By making Kuwait appealing to incoming staff, despite the Iraq war, this helped her to get the job in marketing, as well. While she was not very comfortable working in HR, he was proud that he left a mark on the department since the forms used still had some of her designs. Leaving

The Power of Organizational Vision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Power of Organizational Vision - Essay Example One should also pick a time frame since visioning works best when one goes beyond the present day problems. You should write a draft of the vision, review it, and rewrite it if necessary to ensure it meets the needs of the organization. Moreover, you should seek for input from other individuals that you respect and trust, particularly those who have insight, experience, and expertise that is applicable to your vision (Collins & Pollas, 2011). Lastly, you should share your vision with all individuals who are responsible for implementing it to ensure that they help to achieve the vision. A leader plays a major role in creating a vision for a company. As such, he or she should accept the role of making the firm a place where employees work in unison rather than operating independently. As such, a leader should make sure that the vision is linked to the reality of the firm. A leader should also ensure that the statement of purpose, operating values, and vision are integrated to ensure that they work help to meet the daily operations of the firm (Collins & Pollas, 2011). An example of a compelling vision statement is one by Teach for America which stipulates â€Å"One day, all children in America will get a chance to realize an excellent

Globalisation and Business Enterprise essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalisation and Business Enterprise - Essay Example In order to understand the effects of recession on particular companies in New Zealand, it is better to understand the factors that lead to recessions as it would lead to a better understanding of the solutions that would be provided in the latter part of the essay. A recession according to King and Cushman (1997) is a term that is used by the economists for different phenomena of problems that could arise in an economy. Generally a recession refers to a time when the overall productive potential of a country (or a region) is compromised. The term recession may also mean that a supply shock is experienced, the increase in GDP/GNP is negative, or the unemployment rate and inflation have increased to a considerable extent. It is important to note that a recession, when it occurs, does not just affect the domestic industry or economy; rather it has implications that are global, as Allen (2001) relates. According to him, the advent of globalization has led the countries to come close together in terms of the international trade. The consequence of this is that the economy of one country has a large and direct effect on the economy of another. Because of international trade, as mentioned above, a global crisis could be caused. An example of a global crisis would be the sub prime crisis that occurred in the US in 2008 as Walden (2008) relates. In accordance with Shankar (2008), the subprime lending fell in the US which meant that the banks and the financial institutions in the US went bankrupt. Because of the uncertainty that was later caused due to the bankruptcy, the investors lost confidence in the US stock markets. The banks were also not able to cooperate with each other and so a ‘liquidity crisis’ was the result. Since the US is a key player in international trade, the bankruptcy at home had implications on

Popular culture in society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Popular culture in society - Essay Example Popular culture is necessary in the society (Gans 1999, p197). The importance of a popular culture should be looked in terms of what it means to the society. It has commercial, social, educational and economic importance to a society (Fedorak 2009, p95). The commercial benefits of the popular culture are enormous. This is because popular culture affects the fashion, movie industries and the styles of people. This is most profound among the youths. For instance, youths like wearing what is trending in the market. This way they feel relevant and accepted in the main stream society (Fedorak 2009, p55). Popular culture causes designers to come up with products that will impress the youths. This has caused some fashion and design industries to make massive profits (Gans 1999, p197). The nature of popular culture is that it keeps on changing, (Gans, 1999, p197). This means that it the designers have to dictate the pace of the products so that they can remain relevant. Some industries have ridden along the wave of popular culture to get developed and get established e.g. the movie industry. Some of the products that are significantly influenced by the popular culture are music, shoes and clothes (Fedorak 2009, p54). There are brands that a re released specifically for a certain season. This has also attracted job creation as many people get absorbed in such industries. Therefore, with regard to business and entrepreneurship, popular culture can impact the society positively (Gans 1999, p197). Most of the designs under the popular culture are not inspired by rationale or decency (Gans 1999, p17). Most of them are bent on what the people want, especially the youths. This has earned the popular culture a lot of criticism especially from the religious quarters (Fedorak 2009, p95). This is because it is seen as a threat to the conservative values and convictions. The nature of the popular culture is that it keeps on evolving, and

Globalisation and Business Enterprise essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalisation and Business Enterprise - Essay Example In order to understand the effects of recession on particular companies in New Zealand, it is better to understand the factors that lead to recessions as it would lead to a better understanding of the solutions that would be provided in the latter part of the essay. A recession according to King and Cushman (1997) is a term that is used by the economists for different phenomena of problems that could arise in an economy. Generally a recession refers to a time when the overall productive potential of a country (or a region) is compromised. The term recession may also mean that a supply shock is experienced, the increase in GDP/GNP is negative, or the unemployment rate and inflation have increased to a considerable extent. It is important to note that a recession, when it occurs, does not just affect the domestic industry or economy; rather it has implications that are global, as Allen (2001) relates. According to him, the advent of globalization has led the countries to come close together in terms of the international trade. The consequence of this is that the economy of one country has a large and direct effect on the economy of another. Because of international trade, as mentioned above, a global crisis could be caused. An example of a global crisis would be the sub prime crisis that occurred in the US in 2008 as Walden (2008) relates. In accordance with Shankar (2008), the subprime lending fell in the US which meant that the banks and the financial institutions in the US went bankrupt. Because of the uncertainty that was later caused due to the bankruptcy, the investors lost confidence in the US stock markets. The banks were also not able to cooperate with each other and so a ‘liquidity crisis’ was the result. Since the US is a key player in international trade, the bankruptcy at home had implications on

Kofi Annan, in 2000, remarked, It has been said that arguing against Essay

Kofi Annan, in 2000, remarked, It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity. Discuss the full implications of his claim - Essay Example ase, globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of places and people due to advancements in information, communication, and transport technologies, which have precipitated a wave of cultural, economic, and political convergence. The laws of gravity, on the other hand, propose that all particles in the universe attract each other with a directly proportional force to the product of the particles’ masses (Gondhalekar, 2011: p21). This condensed law of gravity has been proven scientifically to be inevitable and irrefutable. Based on Kofi Annan’s analogy, globalization, despite being a controversial concept, is inevitable and irrefutable. Perhaps the most important evidence as to the inevitability and irrefutability of globalization is the United Nations. Indeed, the biggest function of the UN is to act as an international forum for the organization of dialogue and meetings where government representatives from around the world can come together to adopt shared values and standards (Kunkel, 2014: p240). As globalization has hastened the transfer of power from state actors to non-state actors, non-state actors like the UNHCR, UNDP, and UNEP have become increasingly influential on transnational issues. Today, there are growing calls for the strengthening of the UN in the face of new challenges like human rights violations, humanitarian crises, environmental and health concerns, and armed conflicts. Never has the UN been called on to solve so many challenges, which is evidence of states becoming more globalized. The UN, as an organization where different state and non-state actors can dialogue, has provided an avenue wh ere governments form partnerships and relationships, in turn accelerating the pace of globalization (Rasche & Gilbert, 2012: p108). Another issue where the phenomenon of globalization has greatly affected is the relationship between EU member states, which have witnessed increased integration since the end of WWII. However, apart from

Richard vs Richmond Essay Example for Free

Richard vs Richmond Essay 1. The first recruitment poem, named Fall In follows the style of a simple ABABCDCD pattern, found most commonly within poems. However the second of which is the focus of our analysis, In Flanders Field, is much different. The first verses pattern is AABBA whereas the second verse is different yet again. Fall In has a style the is a lot more colloquial then Flanders Field relying on using more slang terms to attract the attention of the reader while Flanders Field has a tone that is a lot more easy going and not as in your face. 2. Fall In is much lengthier than Flanders Field; its words are much more direct and to the point. It contains questions that would make young men think about; how would their families and friends think about them given that they made the choice not to go to war. Flanders field arouses the memories of fallen friends and family members within the minds of men throughout the land, persuading and coercing them to join the ranks with many others. 3. The first poem Fall In is attempting to recruit young men to the forces by using what could be assumed as a sort of blackmail tactic. One can only assume that at the time of its publication the words found within its verses would have struck several chords in the hearts of the audience of young men, no doubt accomplishing its task; relying heavily on planting the seed of doubt into the minds of the young men, making them wonder just what indeed their family, friends and potential partners and children would think of their actions and absence from the forces during their countrys time of need. In Flanders Field follows a totally different path. I feel its words are meant to reverberate mostly in the hearts of those who have lost loved ones to war before; its words encourage those young people to pick up the torch and pride and carry it anew. I think personally that this poem would appeal to the more highly educated members of society, its words and underlying message would probably be more attractive to those with a higher education and a deeper understanding for poetry; Fall In uses colloquial language, slang and terms used on the street at the time, it would be much more likely to be understood by the lower class of educated men. 4. Despite my earlier comment that the second of the two poems under analytical scrutinising, I find the poem Fall In much more affective. It is easy to see how the questions would arose feelings within a young man of the time, not so much forcing but using a clever play on words to make them think that they would be lesser men if they did not do what many other men were doing and signing up for the forces. Being coerced and herded like so many sheep before them. 5. The structure of the first poem War Exalts is an unusual one, it is made up of question and answers throughout; one question is cheering on the war effort and the act of war itself while the reply completely disagrees with it, using religion as a main argument in retort. Anthem for Doomed Youth is a sonnet while the other is not; it follows the standard Shakespearean style consisting of 14 lines and five syllables per line. Both poem and sonnet respectively rely on de-idolising war itself; trying, one can only assume, to show the deadlier side to it by bringing attention to the point that not every one comes back alive to be praised by their loved ones, many will mourn. Too many. 6. I feel on a personal level that the shorter of the two poems is much more affective, this is due mainly to its mention of God. Most armies will use God to raise the morale of their troops, or simply to give good reasoning to their cause; with God on their side how could they lose? War Exalts will raise the question within any religious mind; what exactly does God think of war itself? To see your creations killing themselves in your name would upset anyone. Beliefs are harder to change, people fight against them and dont wish to have them altered, is it not better to have a good idea? Truthfully and from the heart this poem touched me, bringing to mind yet again the family members that have, and still are, fighting overseas in the name of God and country. Truly an affective poem.

Precision Teaching: Theories, Implementation and Research

Precision Teaching: Theories, Implementation and Research Tiffany Elmore Introduction to Precision Teaching Precision Teaching (PT) has been applied in many settings and has been greatly successful in increasing learning performance in learners with a wide-range of abilities (White, 1986). It is an approach that measures whether an instructional method is successful in achieving learning goals. It focuses on directly observable behavior, monitors the frequency of the behavior performed in time and analyzes the behavior on a uniform visual display called a Standard Celeration Chart (SCC). Precision Teaching does not determine what curricula should be taught but offers a systematic approach as to the instructional tactics to apply (White, 1986). It bases the curriculum on the child’s performance, in other words, the learner knows best (Lindsley, 1971). The learner’s progress demonstrates whether the program is appropriate for the learner or if changes need to be made to the program. In order to gauge a learner’s progress, the target behavior must directly observable. For example, reading a book aloud can be directly observed to determine the reader’s skill level of the words and comprehension. However, there has been some recent support for using Precision Teaching on inner behaviors. Although, it has been shown to be effective in reducing feelings of depression (Kubina et al., 2006), it is widely used on observable behavior. In Precision Teaching, a learner’s performance is based on behavior frequency which is the average number of responses during each minute of the assessment period (White, 1986). Behavioral fluency is that combination of accuracy plus speed of responding that enables learners to function efficiently and effectively in their natural environments (Binder, 1996). Accuracy alone is not the best gauge of learning progression as it may show skewed improvement in performance. Essentially, by only assessing the accuracy of a learner’s response, an improvement in the learner’s performance is not truly reflected because the responses may be correct but the lack of speed in providing those responses also demonstrates a lack of mastery. Frequency is measured by counts per minute. The speed of a learner’s performance of responding and the accuracy of the responses indicates the learner has either mastered the material, in other words, achieved fluency, or the progress has stalled and the instructional program must be altered. Fluency applies three learning outcomes associated with fluent behavior: Retention, endurance and application (Binder, 1993, 1996 as cited by Kubina, Morrison Lee, 2002). Retention is the ability to perform the behavior after the intervention is terminated. Without retention, the learner loses the ability to perform the behavior. Endurance is the ability to perform a behavior at a specified level over a duration of time (Binder, unpublished doctoral dissertation; Binder, 1996, Binder, Haughton Van Eyk, 1990 as cited by Kubina, Morrison Lee, 2002). For learners who lack endurance may find it difficult to perform behaviors within a 30-second or 1-minute intervals and may ultimately stop performing the desired behaviors. Application is applying some element of a behavior to the entire behavior. For example, if the learner has difficulty in basic writing techniques then the application of increasing fluency in writing spelling words quickly cannot be achieved. The progress of a learner is recorded on a visual display called a Standard Celeration Chart (SCC). The chart is called a standard celeration chart since it always depicts rate of change or progress in a standard manner, regardless of the initial frequency of the behavior (White, 1986). The SCC utilizes a ratio scale which means that all changes in performance will be measured in equal ratios regardless of where they are marked on the chart. The change in frequency from 1 to 2 is the same ratio as 50 to 100 on the SCC. The charts shows whether there is an acceleration, deceleration or no change in behavior. When a behavior frequency doubles, or moves from 1 to 2, it is considered a â€Å"times 2† acceleration. Likewise, when a behavior is halved, or moves from 2 to 1, it is considered a â€Å"divided by 2† deceleration (Lindsley, 1990a). Implementation of Precision Teaching Five steps are involved in the implementation of Precision Teaching: (1) select a task, (2) set an aim (3) count and teach, (4) develop a learning picture and (5) decide what to do (McGreevy, 1983). The first step of implementation is selecting a task for the learner to learn. A task has five parts: (1) a movement that can be counted often each day, (2) a counting period, (3) a correct/incorrect pair, (4) a learning channel set, and (5) a movement that is â€Å"hard to do† (p. II-1). A movement is an observable, physical movement, something that the learner is doing. To make sure the movement occurs often, the learner should have 8-10 learning opportunities per day (p. II-5). If the movement is too hard, then the movement can be changed to a slice back, a step back or a tool movement and, conversely if a movement is too easy it can changed to a leap up movement (p. II-11). A slice back is a smaller movement of the original movement. A step back is an easier movement than the o riginal movement. A tool movement is the prerequisite body movement required to perform the original movement. A leap up movement is a movement that is harder to perform than the original movement. A counting period is amount of time spent each day counting the movement (p. II-12). The period should be long enough so the movement can occur at least 8-10 times. The counting period should not be so long that it proves difficult to count the movement. However, adjustments can be made if the counting period is too long or too short to count the movement. Similarly, Kubina and Yurich (2012) incorporated these two parts into their analysis PT. They suggested that the first step of PT is pinpointing. Pinpointing applies focusing observable behavior and measuring behavior based on frequency. Consider the Dean Man rule that states if a dead man can do it then it is not behavior. The idea is that any directly observable behavior should involve some physical movement. For example, instead of observing a child sitting still in a chair, the teacher can observe the number of times the child gets out the chair. A correct/incorrect pair involves counting the correct movements and incorrect movements (McGreevy, 1983, p. II-15). Instead of focusing on eliminating a movement without adding a replacement movement. For example, rather than decreasing screaming, it best for the learner to increase talking in softer voice. A learning channel set outlines the input channel (received) and output channel (sent). The input can vary from hearing, touching, seeing, smelling, etc and output can include saying, writing, doing, pointing, etc. The learning channel sets â€Å"tells [others] how we are teaching a task† and â€Å"reminds us that are many ways for a [learner] to learn the same movement (McGreevy, 1983, p. II-18). Lastly, the movement must be hard to for the learner to perform (p. II-20). The objective is to learn a new task rather than working on previously learned tasks. By selecting tasks that are hard to do, the learner, provided with ample learning opportunities, will hopefully achieve more corrects and fewer corrects over time and ultimately reach or come close to the aim. The next step in implementing precision teaching is to set an aim (p. III-2). The aim is final chosen objective of the performance likely achieved by a high frequency of correct responses and low to zero frequency of incorrect responses. It is critical that learners learn to perform correct movements in a prompt, smooth and decisive manner. If the learner is having difficulty reaching aim, it may be necessary to change the way the movement is taught, change the learning channel or change the movement as indicated above as a step back, slick back or tool movement. The third step in implementing precision teaching is to count and teach (p. IV-1). This steps requires counting the correct and incorrect responses and teaching the task to the student (p. IV-1). A movement is learned when the learner knows what the correct and incorrect responses are. Each task will be counted and taught daily until the learner reaches aim or the learning picture reflects a need for change. The fourth step in implementing precision teaching is to develop a learning picture. Utilizing the Standard Celeration Chart, the charts displays the correct and incorrect responses provided daily by the learner (p. V-1). The trends of the chart develop the learning picture. The learning picture shows how quickly the responses are increasing or decreasing and predicts whether the learner will achieve aim. The final step in implementing precision teaching is to decide what to do (p. VI-1). Once a learning picture has been revealed, a decision can be made as to whether to continue the current program or make a change. If the learner is not learning or not learning quickly enough, it may be necessary to make changes to the movement (i.e. a slice back), the counting period (i.e. increase 10 seconds to 20 seconds), the learning channel set (i.e. see-write to see-say), the aim (i.e can be lowered), or how the task is taught (i.e. lessons, untimed practice). Precision Teaching in Research Precision Teaching has been applied in a variety of settings and environments. It has proven useful in improving fluency in learners of all ages and all learning abilities. Precision Teaching has been implemented in professional environments as well as classroom settings. In 2002, Binder analyzed the fluency performance in a customer call center. After attending a FluencyBuilding workshops, the manager and supervisors of customer service call center decided to modify their traditional new hire training program. They focused on increasing fluency of the core fundamentals required to perform the job well. Within the fluency-based training, trainees were given lecture and tested on lecture material with a 2-minute quiz (see-mark), a 3-minute hear or see-say providing verbal responses to questions in addition to other fluency-based activities. Daily fluency goals for each exercise were set and each trainees’ performance was monitored against those goals. Trainees recorded their ow n performance and reported their performance to the training coaches. As a result of the fluency-based training, correct performances tripled each week and all participants performed within the fluent range. The participants mastered the core material much faster than in previous training programs and thus reduced the required training during from three weeks to two weeks. New hire trainees were much more fluent in the fundamental skills and knowledge than their veteran counterparts. The dramatic improvements within this program demonstrate that fluency-based programs to be successful in education, training and coaching programs involving all ages of participants within various skill sets. Precision Teaching applied within a classroom setting has proven to increase reading ability, maths skills, and improving academic interventions overall. Chiesa and Robertson (2000) utilized Precision Teaching and fluency-based training to enhance maths skills in five primary school children. The students were selected because their maths skills were not improving at the same pace as their peers. They were in jeopardy of being referred to a remedial program. The training program focused on one observable behavior, the division of two-digit numbers by one-digit. Pre-tests were taken on both multiplication and division skills to determine each student’s skill level. The students were taught how to use digital timers, plot scores and understand learning pictures on the SCC. The students were responsible for completing their maths practice sheets without teacher instruction or assistance. The five students sat together as a group during the maths period and had a personal folder t hat contained the practice sheets, answer key and charts. They completed their practice sheets within a one-minute time probe, each completed sheet was marked by a peer and the correct and error scores were recorded on the SCC. Each week one of the researchers met with the students during maths period while the teacher was working with the rest of the class. The researcher reviewed each student’s progress and determined what changes would be taken. Students that met the aim, moved on to the next level, those who did not meet the aim were provided with skills that were further reduced, or sliced back until they were able to improve to a satisfactory level. At the conclusion of the 12-week training program, the PT group had significantly improved their fluency in the maths skills task. Their responses ranged from 10 to 15 correct in one-minute which was an increase of 10 to 15 responses per minute before the program was implemented. The PT group surpassed all but one of the students in the entire class on the maths skills task. The results show that children performing at a low academic level can improve their learning significantly through Precision Teaching and fluency training. The training program did not require any more time than the allotted maths period and did not provide more instructional assistance or interaction from the teacher. This shows that PT can be beneficial and effective in the mainstream classroom and offers an alternative to expensive and time-consuming academic programs. Precision Teaching has proven to be effective in improving skills in participants with intellectual disabilities as well (Kubina, Morrison Lee, 2002). Schirmer et al. (2007) examined the effectiveness of precision teaching on teaching storytelling to child with autism. The child began working on a hear information-say story program for 10 minutes per day in order to increase the frequency of syllables used. The teacher would describe a scenario to the child and the child would create a story based on the information provided to him. After goals of increased syllable use were met, the teacher moved on a timed practice where the number of correct syllables produced in one minute was recorded. The number of corrects syllables produced increased from 21 per minute to 90 per minute in 5 days. In the last phase, the teacher changed the child’s learning channel from hear-say to see-say. The child was given a photograph and would create a story based on the photograph. Although there was an initial drop in the frequency of correct responses, the child reached the set aim very quickly. Precision Teaching and Practical Application As previous studies have shown, Precision Teaching can be applied in various learning environments with learners of diverse learning abilities. It is an instructional approach that can be applied to any established program or curricula. The main directive guiding success of the learner’s performance IS the learner. Fluency is key to the learner’s progress and any deficits in learning can be easy ascertained with the Standard Celeration Chart. This visual display allows the teacher to easily determine the learner’s progress and either continue with the program on course or make adjustments to program that are most beneficial to the learner. The SCC also helps teacher to predict future progress as to whether the learner will achieve aim or the number of incorrect responses will reach 0. Studies have shown that Precision Teaching can be used in conjunction with other instructional programs and can be effectively applied in both professional and classroom settings wi thout requiring additional time to perform the program in the workplace or classroom. Precision Teaching daily timings are recorded on the SCC but no other data is required. Also, it does not require management or teachers to provide additional instruction outside of the program or curricula already in place. Its versatility in practical application makes Precision Teaching a favorable approach to utilize. References Chiesa, M., Robertson, A. (2000). Precision teaching and fluency training: Making maths easier for students and teachers. Educational Psychology in Practice, 16(3), 297–310. Kubina, R. M., Morrison, R., and Lee, D. L. (2002). Benefits of Adding Precision Teaching to Behavioral Interventions for Students with Autism. Behavioral Interventions, 17, 233-246. Lindsley, O. R. (1971). From Skinner to precision teaching: The child knows best. In J. B. Jordan L. S. Robbins (Eds.), Lets try doing something else kind of thing (pp. 1-11). Arlington, VA: The Council for Exceptional Children. Lindsley, O. R. (1990) Precision teaching: By teachers for children.Teaching Exceptional Children, 22, 10-15. McGreevy, P. (1983).Teaching and learning in plain English(2nd. ed.). Kansas City, MO: Plain English Publications. Schirmer, K., Almon-Morris, H., Fabrizio, M. A., Abrahamson, B. and Chevalier, K. (2007). Using Precision Teaching to Teach Story Telling to a Young Child with Autism. Journal of Precision Teaching and Celeration, 23, 23-26. White, O. R. (1986). Precision TeachingPrecision learning.Exceptional Children, 25, 522-534.

Marks & Spencers :: essays research papers

During 2003/2004 Marks & Spencers have worked to improve their performance across their wide range of corporate social responsibility issues. THEIR BUSINESS †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Clothing: clothing accounts for 50.1% of the UK sales and it’s their biggest business. Provides a wide range of clothing for women, men and children. They have 11% share of the UK marketing. Marks & Spencers Public Relations program: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Customer: I think we should keep a sales information, annual independent Survey and customer consultation and a continues research program, so we can keep a good relation with core customer to know what they are looking for. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Employees: we should do continues surveys among our employees. We need to keep our â€Å"Confidential help line†, so we can keep improving the working environment. Also, apart from our employee magazine, I think we should send continues information about the group, send updating about some of the decisions making and benefits through their emails. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shareholders: we have our annual general meeting. We need to improve our programme to survey shareholders satisfaction. A good point is to have regular meeting and presentations with investors. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suppliers, including franchisees: regular visits, meeting and discussions. Programmes to survey their satisfaction. Direct relationship with important raw material suppliers. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Community: Regular meetings with key charity partners. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Government: Regular meetings with bodies such as the Health and Safety Executive, environmental regulators and financial services authority. Local authority partnership on environmental health and trading standards. PROGRAMS †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organic cotton: We have increased our use of organic cotton to 3,000kgs. It’s still a very small proportion. Our long-term target is 5% of all the cotton we produce should be organic by 2010. MEDIA †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vogue magazine is the number one of fashion authority.

Observing Mitosis

Lab Report ?3 Title:Observing Mitosis By Yerkebulan Yesbolatov Biology course, tutorial group I October 18, 2012 Lab partner: Azhar Zhaisanova Introduction Experiment is intend to show mitotic stage of cell cycle, phases of mitotic stage, to define predominance in the number of each phases over the others, if it is possible. Objectivity of lab is to observe the different phases of mitotic stage of cell cycle, to get skills for special technique( by using orcein ethanoic stain) designed for making slide enable to observe mitotic stage of cell cycle.The tip of Garlic bulb’s root is suspected to be relevant for that, for observing the cell cycle. Aim To observe cell cycle in definite stage-in this experiment mitosis. To get knowledge of which phase is predominate in cell cycle. Precautions During the procedure it is need to wear eye protection cause hydrochloric acid is irritant It is necessary to wear gloves and coat – Toluidine blue is had ability to ingrain. Don’ t ingest- it is harmful. It is necessary to wear goggles and avoiding of content with orsein ethanoic stain, cause it corrosive, irritant, causing burns, has ability to irritate by vapour. Also read: What Algae Does a Trypanosome Superficially ResembleIn case of making contact immediately necessary to wash with water for 10 minutes. It is necessary to wear eye protection and avoid a skin contact, cause Acetic alcohol is corrosive and highly flammable Methods and Materials First method of staining is cancelled. Second method with 1-st step was provided in advance. First, several root tips was cut off, added to watch glass with acetic alcohol(2cm3) for 10 minutes. Then, specimens transferred to second glass, which contain 5cm3 ice cold water,4-5 minutes are needed to wait after that. Later on specimens, dried off with filter paper.Next step, in order to haven’t damage a specimen ,it was poured with pre-heated hydrochloric acid rather than putting the pattern to test tube and vice versa till 5 minutes. Next step is to repeat step with acetic acid (2cm3) for 10 minutes in a watch glass. After 10 minutes, specimen (one of several) was put to glass slide then poured w ith 1-2 drops of stain called acetic orcein stain, it should cover whole surface of pattern. Note that to stain the wall would be better to leave specimen in a dye more than 2 minutes. Finally, specimen is covered with coverslip and pushed under the filter paper, put to microscope and observed. ResultQuestion 1 is in separate page Question 2 Number of cells viewed under visible area x400. 43 cells 43Ãâ€"4=172 Table of numbers of cells at field of view Total number of cells| Names of mitosis phases| ? in each stage| 172| Interphase| 138| | Prophase| 28| | Metophase| 3| | Anaphase| 2| | Telephase| 1| Question 3. Percentage in each stage of mitosis Interphase =138172Ãâ€"100%= 80. 232% Prophase =28172Ãâ€"100%=16. 279% Metophase =3172Ãâ€"100%=1. 744% Anaphase =2172Ãâ€"100%=1. 162% Telephase =1172Ãâ€"100%=0. 581% Ranking of stages of cell cycle Interpase>prophase>metaphase>anaphase>telephase As it said, preparation freezed at one time.Most of cells, about 90% of cell and consequentl y 90% cycle cell spent in interphase, it is proved by findings. Roughly 20 percent, approximately quarter of interphase are taken by prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase. Question 4 Mitotic index Mitotic index=28+3+2+1172=34172= 0. 197 Mitotic index enable to find a tendency to grow of cells. It is mean that how cell is divide, at which rate it is reproduces. Question 5 Reliability and validity If centromeres of chromosomes are draw up at equator, we definitely could say it is metaphase, if we see sister chromatids at inverse poles we could say definitely say as it anaphase.A lot of cells are there with round nucleuses that is why it is – prophases. Telephase is differ by starting of dividing of cells. In interphase cells are as they are swallowed, e. c become bigger. Question 6 Safety precautions Wear goggles to avoid contact with orsein ethanoic stain is corrosive, has ability to irritate by vapour Wear gloves – acetic alcohol is corrosive and highly flammable. Q uestion 7 Treatment with hydrochloric acid It enable to stain the specimen of root tip. It can help to break the hydrogen bonds contain in it. Question 8 Reason Cells are in phase of telephase of mitosis or meiosis stage could start.Discussion There was cells with purple chromosomes on a pink background. There was drawn the each phases of mitosis to make easier the differentiation of phases cause is sometimes difficult to differ. At the beginning, when final stage of slide preparation was done, there was problem, three times with its observing-the image wasn’t enough pure to see a cells in mitosis stage. Cause could be wrong decay of specimen during the pressing. It should be taken into care that pressing of stained specimen should be strong to make image more clear and transparent. To define the number of cells visible t point of view (image which enable objective to see during reviewing without changing the position) of microscope it was calculated the quarter of circle row by row cause cells are not same, so rows are not same. Defining of microscope’s point of view is necessary for further calculating the percentage of each phase of mitosis. So, quarter of visible cells was equal to 43. These cells was multiplied to four. To tell every phase of mitosis:138 of interphases,28 prophases,3 metaphases,2 anaphases, 1 telephase. As shown in calculations, abundance are correspond as follows: Interphase=80. 32; Prophase=16. 279% ;Metophase=1. 744% ; Anaphase=1. 162% Telephase=0. 581% ; As we see interphase is equal to roughly 80%,however in book there was claim that interphase spend 90% of cell cycle. From this point could be proposed that root grown in favorable condition as it is known that in interphase cell is phase of rash activity, cell copy own DNA and energy is create for further mitosis. As shown in mitotic index formula, numerator contain only cells with visible chromosomes, that is mean that interphase is not taken to consideration.Mitotic i ndex enable to find a tendency to grow of cells. It is mean that how cell is divide, at which rate it is reproduces. In this experiment mitotic index is equal to 0. 197 Due to fact that there was not mitotic index scale it is difficult to say anything about tendency. In oncology(study of tuour cells) mitotic index has its special calibration, special standards. Error analysis Probability of error may cause the fact that in some case there was nuclear membrane without changing, but nucleoli had already vanished.So, there was probability of error to take to consideration the stage as a interphase and as prophase. Conclusion It is proved that is visible the dividing (in cell cycle) cells with method using a orcein ethanoic stain. Most of time cells a spend for interphase. This is proved by experiment result-80% of cells was at interphase stage. Most of all it is possible or easy to define exactly the stages such as anaphase, metaphase cause it definite characters are allow to do so. Th e late prophase and beginning of telephase is difficult to differentiate cause processes happened in them are opposite to each other.

Cold environments may be developed Essay

Cold environments may be developed in a sustainable manner. To what extent do you agree with this statement? I disagree with this statement more than I agree with it. Cold environments in the world that were previously wilderness areas have undergone development, and nearly all of them have proved to be unsustainable. In the alpine areas, the mountains are a major magnet because of the scenery and the wide variety of winter sports that can take place there. The Alps have been developed as a tourist area. Although tourism benefits the area economically, it is socially and environmentally unsustainable. Tradition and culture has been eroded away because many young people now go down the mountains into urban areas in search of jobs. Even though the tourist industry has encouraged many young farmers to diversify out of rural and primary activities, many people still leave. Aside from that, the tourist industry brings with it unwanted pollution and litter and also causes footpath erosion. The tourist industry is also a potential hazard to the mountains and villages because the winter sports activities taking place there may cause avalanches. In the tundra or arctic regions, development has not been sustainable either, also both environmentally and socially. Gold, and particularly oil exploration and exploitation have scarred the fragile landscape. In 1968, the Trans-Alaskan pipeline was built from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez. Not only were there leakage problems of the oil pipeline associated with earthquakes and permafrost, but it also interfered with the migration of caribou on land and salmon in the rivers. Aside from that, in the 1989, there was the problem of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, which polluted the ocean and killed hundreds of birds and marine wildlife. Oil exploration and the invasion of the Europeans into Inuit territory were also socially unsustainable. The traditional way of life was lost as many Inuits were forced to live the ‘white’ way and many Inuit children were taken from their parents and educated in missionary schools. Their traditional ways of hunting were also lost due to severe regulations on gun control and the introduction of currency into their simple economy. The latter was also the cause of excessive and unsustainable sealing and hunting in the tundra and arctic lands. Although the areas around the Southern Ocean have not been developed, vast quantities of natural fish, seal and whale resources have been taken out. On South Orkney Island, seals were completely depleted by 1800. Whaling began in the 1840s but was unsustainable as well, and ended in 1965 because stocks were exhausted. Fish stocks such as cod and krill have also become severely depleted in recent years. Although institutes such as the International Whaling Convention, the Marine Resources Institute and the CCAMLR were set up, illegal fishing and whaling have led to the depletion of natural resources. In Grytviken and Stromness, abandoned buildings have become an eyesore because they were not cleared away. Attempts at developing Antarctica have been made, mainly in the form of tourism. This is the only cold environment development that can be said to be sustainable. Strict IAATO guidelines on tourist behaviour, controlled numbers of tourists and the harsh climate of Antarctica have made the area difficult to develop. Scientific and research stations, although few, have contributed to waste generated in the area, along with footpath erosion. Most of the waste is shipped to the UK for processing, but what remains cannot decompose easily in the cold climate. Due to efforts of the Antarctic Treaty ratified in 1991 and much pressure from the environmental groups however, the Antarctic region has largely remained untouched. Where development takes place, it cannot be said to be sustainable, because changes have to be made to the area to accommodate people and people contribute to environmental degradation at the very least, even if great care is taken not to disturb or disrupt natural environments. The development of cold environments is mainly unsustainable, although tourism in Antarctica seems to be otherwise. Who knows, however, whether it will remain sustainable in the future because of increased tourism, or because of better technology to fuel mass tourism.

Meg Cabot: A True Author Outline Essay

Ever encountered a book where you just want to smash it against the wall? Tired of reading predictable sappy story lines? Well then, you’re in luck! No matter the mood you’re in, Meggin Patricia Cabot, better known as Meg Cabot, will take you on a journey beyond your wildest imagination from the very first moment you begin reading the first page of one of her novels. In fact, she’ll connect with mind and soul in the multiple genres she writes, making you want to go to the nearest library and check out another. Meg Cabot was born on February 1, 1967, in Bloomington, Indiana. She was an active reader from a very early age, at first gobbling up comic books and science fiction at the local library. In many interviews, Cabot claims that she found her way to the library during the summer months because she was looking for air-conditioning. While cooling off in the library, Cabot soon discovered classic literature, such as To Kill a Mockingbird, by southern writer Harper Lee, and Jane Eyre, written by English novelist Charlotte Bronte(Henning). Jane Eyre, the story of the romance between a man and his daughter’s nanny, in particular, had a lasting effect on young Cabot. As she explained in a 2004 interview with Christina Nunez, â€Å"It introduced me to the world of romance, which I have never left. † In addition to reading, Cabot was also obsessed with princesses and the belief that a ‘Prince Charming’ was out there for everyone. â€Å"I was a traditional Disney-princess worshipper,† she told Trudy Wyss of Borders. â€Å"You know, I had the Snow White birthday cake when I was six, and drew Cinderella endlessly on my notepads. Cabot read about princesses (her favorite fairy tale being Beauty and the Beast ) and fantasized about being a real-life princess, often telling her mom and dad that her ‘real’ parents, the king and queen, would arrive one day in Indiana to find her. In 1977, after seeing the movie Star Wars, the ten-year-old’s obsession for royalty grew to new heights. â€Å"I became obsessed with Princess Leia,† Cabot explained, â€Å"its one thing to be â€Å"I am living proof that it is possible to profit from being a high school freak. † Princess of a kingdom; it is quite another to be princess of an entire planet! It’s no wonder she made a real success with the Princess series. Success, however, does not come overnight. With about a thousand rejection letters, Meg was able to finish off a novel that would blossom her career. The inspiration for Princess came from an event that happened in Cabot’s own life. After her father died her mother began dating her daughter’s former art teacher. Cabot was so horrified that she began keeping a diary. She expanded the diary entries into a story about a ninth-grader named Amelia Mignonette Grimaldi Thermopolis Renaldo, also known as Mia, whose mother is dating her algebra teacher. Cabot also visited her old high school diaries to add true teen voice to her character, a gangly, shy freshman being raised by her single mom in Greenwich Village loft in New York City. How does that pertain for the title Princess? Well in addition to facing the trials and tribulations of teenage life, Mia’s world is turned upside-down when she discovers that her father is actually the prince of a tiny European country called Genovia and that she is next in line to inherit the throne. Suddenly Mia is a celebrity, and her worries about boys comes to a pause for princess lessons, bodyguards, and fending off the paparazzi(TeenReads). And after finishing seven books off of Mia’s life, Cabot created the major motion picture The Princess Diaries starring Anne Hathaway and Julie Andrews. Which later earned itself a sequel. Cabot began to write her own stories because, as she claimed in an Onion Street online interview, there was absolutely nothing else to do. â€Å"That was back in the days before cable and VCRs were opular, so there really was nothing to do but write stories of our own. â€Å" In addition, Cabot wrote for the high school newspaper and kept detailed journals that proved to be excellent when writing Princess Diaries. She was also active in after-school activities, including choir, theater, and the art club. Although she enjoyed writing Cabot never planned on becoming a professional author. Instead, she dreamed of being an actress or a veterinarian. Unfortunately, she flunked algebra and did rather poorly on the math portion of her SATs. As part of admissions requirements most universities require a student to take SAT examinations; they are divided into two sections—verbal and math reasoning—and help assess what a student has learned throughout their high school years. ) Following graduation from high school, Cabot decided to study art at the University of Indiana, where she could attend tuition-free since her father was a professor. In 1991, with a bachelor of fine arts degree in the palm of her hand, the artist moved to New York City to pursue a career as an illustrator. Instead, she landed a job as a freshman dormitory assistant manager at New York University(Nunez). It was not exactly her dream job, but there were periods when work was slow, which gave her plenty of free time to return to her early love: writing. Picking up the pace, Cabot released Insatiable in 2010. Now, this book may prove to be a bit more the adult reader, none-the-less, it is recommended. Tired of those sappy-sob vampire love stories? Well then just grade me an F. Insatiable is the first vampire/paranormal story Meg writes about. With multiple points of views, Meg Cabot leaves the reader speechless by writing about a love triangle between Meena Harper, the perplexed tomboy, Lucien Antonescu, the rich bad-boy, and Alaric Wulf, a vampire-hunter. At first, the only thought in mind might be, â€Å"another Twilight story†. Fortunately, it is not. Being the story spoiler that I am, Cabot finishes the novel not by a happy ending, but a rather joyful one. She doesn’t write about an irresistibly attractive vampire who wins the girl (though Lucien is). Oh no!  On the contrary, Cabot retells Bram Stoker’s Dracula, with a twist. The vampire doesn’t get the girl; making this book ‘a must read’. With that, author Meg Cabot has become a one-woman marketing sensation, a publisher’s dream because she is able to produce novels with amazing frequency. She is also a diverse writer who has found equal success in a multitude of genres, including historical romance(Avalon High, Lady of Skye, Abandon, etc. , ), young adult fiction(Mediator, All-American Girl, Ready or Not? , Princess Diaries, 1800-R-U-There? etc), and contemporary adult fiction(Insatiable, Portrait of My Heart, Queen of Babble, etc. ). It seems as though, Cabot knows exactly what we want to read; morals, romance, comedy, the paranormal, you name it. She knows exactly how to touch your heart and make you wish that you were the main character in the story. With this said, Meggin Patricia Cabot has written over 67 novels in a time period of 1998 till present day. So whenever you’re in the mood to read, you know you can always count on Meg Cabot to take you out of your little shell, and onto an adventure.

The U.S. Security and identity during the Cold War Research Paper

The U.S. Security and identity during the Cold War - Research Paper Example This is the reason why U.S. presidents at the time of the Cold War era implemented a number of foreign policies in order to maintain that kind of reputation using mainly capitalism as a powerful tool. The United States, furthermore, viewed the Cold War era in a different perspective according to David Campbell. The Cold War era was not in any way a race towards economic supremacy masquerading in the form of capitalism evangelization but an assertion of their identity as American citizens. It is, moreover, an issue of security, not just about physical security but a security of their sacredly-held identities as a nation. Furthermore, this research also solidifies its claims using various literatures that provide a historical representation of the Cold War era. Its origin also has been debated by historians and social scientists, that is why, the researcher tries to present some of the theorized origins of the war in a brief and concise portion of this paper. Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................1 Outline of the Study..........................................................................................3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........................................3 Research Question..........................................................................................4 Literature Review.............................................................................................4 The Cold War: Origin............................................................................4 Cold War Theories................................................................................5 The U.S. Foreign Policy during Cold War Period.................................7 Preliminary Research on the Topic.................................................................10 Methodology....................................................................................................11 Research Philosophy...........................................................................11 Research Design and Data Collection Method....................................12 Results............................................................................................................12 Discussion.......................................................................................................13 Conclusion......................................................................................................16 Works Cited....................................................................................................17 The U.S. Foreign Policy during the Cold War Period Outline of the Study This study is all about the identity and security status of the United States during the Cold War period. The first chapter is an introduction of the topic, its objective s, and the research question. The second chapter is a review of literature associated with U.S. foreign policy, issues of identity and security, and Campbell’s reading during the said era. The third chapter presents how the study was done. Lastly, the fourth chapter gives the conclusion, implications and recommendations for future studies. Introduction The United States foreign policy during the early Cold War era was not in any way about forwarding the national interest of the country, but on asserting its identity and secu

Art History - Romanticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art History - Romanticism - Essay Example The Romantic Movement featured phrases like romantic originality, romantic composers, romantic originality, romantic thinkers, and not limited to the romantic era. The definition of romanticism initiates with nature and irrationality. Romanticism freed individuals and art from the contemporary thinking of the mid 19th century and late 19th century, which was judgmental and restrictive. The following philosophers and writers greatly influenced the growth of the Romantic Movement, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Johann Arthur Schopenhauer, Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. These philosophers believed and emphasized on the fact that an individual’s emotions and feelings were fundamental in the process of searching for truth in the universe. Romantic literature as a form of romanticism stressed on the idea of the inner self, the dream and the intrinsic part of the individual. In romantic literature, the visionary and imaginary part of the individual was exposed this was contrary to the contemporary thinking, which blindly, focused on traditions. In romantic literature, the church faced a huge criticism since it was judgmental and restrictive. Individuals indulged in romantic literature since it brought them on the verge of exemplifying their inner feelings and experiences. The Romantic Movement allowed individuals and more specifically, artist to focus on what they perceived without guilt or facing criticism. â€Å"The sublime† was a strong phrase when it came to the practice of romantic literature.... Romantic literature Romantic literature as a form of romanticism stressed on the idea of the inner self, the dream and the intrinsic part of the individual. In romantic literature, the visionary and imaginary part of the individual was exposed this was contrary to the contemporary thinking, which blindly, focused on traditions. In romantic literature, the church faced a huge criticism since it was judgmental and restrictive. Individuals indulged in romantic literature since it brought them on the verge of exemplifying their inner feelings and experiences. The Romantic Movement allowed individuals and more specifically, artist to focus on what they perceived without guilt or facing criticism. â€Å"The sublime† was a strong phrase when it came to the practice of romantic literature as it included emotional experiences such as horror, awe and magnificence. The ultimate basis of romantic literature was the indulgence in emotions and feelings, as it was seen to be important than a nalysis and logical thinking. A further analysis reveals that in romantic literature senses were important that intellect. Romantic literature aimed at eradicating the premise that materialism, empiricism, rationalism and idealism was important than emotions, feelings and irrationality (Riou 156). 2 Romanticism and nature The world around us better known as nature was highly used in the romantic era to help in defining romanticism. Romantics embraced nature as a definite work of art. Romantics expressed that any reasoning or analysis regarding nature put across by traditional thinking was short of the transcendence that nature depicted in terms of

Discuss the art work in the Cantor Arts Centre in Standford University Essay

Discuss the art work in the Cantor Arts Centre in Standford University - Essay Example This means that some of the artworks in the museums are obtained freely from the people who made them, and who have the full rights. People are in some cases driven to present artworks in museums by the desire to promote their cultures or represent the general coexistence of creatures in their environment. Through this, people understand and keep information about the culture that is represented by a work of art and are able to explain some information. In describing the work of art in a museum, it is important to identify the piece of work represented, the artist and the issues that prevailed during the time of production. This is important in understanding the work in different dimensions as well as getting the understanding of the feeling of people concerning the work (Payne and Picasso 8). The Lion Reclining in a Landscape The Lion Reclining in a Landscape is an artwork that is exhibited in Cantor Arts Center in Stanford University as part of the pieces of art that are representi ng the nature through a lion in an environment. The artwork was created as an original artwork by an artist, Antonie Luios Barye, who lived in America between the year 1796 and 1875, to represent the correlation between animals and their environment. This image was presented to different museums for exhibitions under the authority of the Barye who owned the piece of art and is availed to all the people who visit such museums for the viewing. This image is presented as a drawing that is made on a paper and is placed in the shelves for viewing by all the interested visitors in such museums. One of the places where Barye presented this image is the Cantor Arts Center in Stanford University where it is presented to the public for viewing. Through the work of art, people are able to understand different issues and this is in accordance to the views of the people concerning Barye and his piece of art. The piece of art that was presented in the 19th century as a primary creation but it has undergone reproduction with time so as to keep it in the records. The Lion in a Landscape image, although old and replicated by other people by copying the original image, is accepted favorably by the people who view it from the different museums in which it is exhibited. In the event of painting the image, the artist was presented was affected by different circumstances in the environment that made the different features to be prevalent in the image (Payne and Picasso 29). Antonie Luios Barye lived under his father who worked as a goldsmith and familiarized himself with the work of making sculptures and his skills were perfected by his working with different companies and training in different institutions. He continued in his work to demonstrate his interest in animals and that led him to production of images that were representing them in different ways. This means that all his production was designed according to his preferences in animals within the environment (Payne and Pica sso 59). During the time of production of Lion in a Landscape, the political environment was dominated by the Roman Empire who valued sculptures and drawings of their images. Economically, Barye produced his artworks during the time of gold

Media Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Media Analysis - Essay Example The discussion will also connect cultural norms pertaining to sexually explicit materials and the public utilization of it. The infringement of human dignity will also be explicate, and lastly, the conclusion. Numerous commercials today are penetrating the world of television, especially in the United States. Representations are often instilled with amatory fantasies and desires (D’Emilio & Freedman, 1989, as cited in Gould, 1994, p. 73). Nevertheless, such representations are consistently facing manifold accusations of contesting the ethics and morality of humanity in which most of them come from the Americans (D’Emilio & Freedman, 1989, Foucault 1990, as cited in Gould, 1994, p. 73). This concern in advertising has been dubbed by Boddewyn (1991) as a â€Å"soft tissue,† which has the foundation of being subjective and community generated roots and values (as cited in Gould, 1994, p. 73). Furthermore, there are many forms of sexual appeals that may be perceived differently from other perspectives. The publicity of lewd materials should consider the potential feedback of the populace. Sexual appeals present in commercials are of manifold classifications and may comprise various factors. This can be made through the utilization of gorgeous models that would portray different levels of bareness and implications (Severn, Belch, & Belch, 1990, as cited in Gould, 1994, p. 73). These visual attractions are sometimes incorporated with verbal factors (Severn et al., 1990, as cited in Gould, 1994, p. 73) and other factors, such as sounds and scents. Deliberation should be done in order to stipulate on terms specifying the TV commercial if it may depict unethical or ethical concerns in the perspectives of the public (Richins, 1991, as cited in Gould, 1994, pp. 73-74). Also, such measures should be implemented because the commercial should receive positive recognition from the p ublic (Gould, 1994, pp. 73-74). However, even if there